Independence Day, or Swatantrata Diwas, is celebrated every 15 August as a national holiday in India, marking the country’s liberation from British rule in 1947. This day, steeped in national pride, honours the sacrifices of countless freedom fighters and civilians who contributed to India’s struggle for independence.
A historical overview of Independence Day
The journey to independence began with the Battle of Plassey in 1757, where the British defeated the last Nawab of Bengal. The First War of Independence, or the Revolt of 1857, was a significant yet ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British dominion. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, became a pivotal force in the push for self-rule, which gained momentum after World War I concluded in 1918.
By 1929, the Indian Parliament had declared the goal of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence. This was followed by the Civil Disobedience Movement and other large-scale protests challenging colonial rule. The path to freedom was arduous, with British resistance lasting until 1947. The nation’s independence came with the tragic consequence of Partition. On 15 August 1947, India finally achieved freedom.
Prominent leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and Subhas Chandra Bose were instrumental in opposing British rule. Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience played a crucial role in the struggle.
Significance of Independence Day
This day embodies the spirit of unity and patriotism that fuelled the struggle for freedom. It serves as a reminder of the enduring efforts and sacrifices that led to the end of British rule and the emergence of a sovereign India.
Celebrations of Independence Day
Preparations for Independence Day start well in advance. Government buildings are adorned with lights and the Indian tricolour proudly flies on homes and public spaces. Doordarshan, the Indian public service broadcaster, airs films depicting the lives of freedom fighters. The President of India delivers a poignant ‘address to the nation’ on the eve of the holiday.
On Independence Day itself, the prime minister raises the national flag and delivers a speech at the historic Red Fort in Delhi. Schools and organisations nationwide commemorate the day with flag-hoisting ceremonies and cultural performances. As a national holiday, many Indians spend time with family and friends, enjoying picnics, watching patriotic films and dining out or at home.
Har Ghar Tiranga: Embracing the national spirit
The “Har Ghar Tiranga” initiative, launched in 2022, encourages every Indian household to display the national flag, fostering a sense of unity and patriotism. This year, the government has specifically asked each household to raise the tricolour on Independence Day. The campaign aims to deepen the connection between citizens and the national emblem, making the tricolour a symbol of pride visible in every corner of the country. By promoting the display of the flag in homes, it highlights the significance of national identity and collective heritage, celebrating the nation’s independence and its journey.
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