Can the HMPV virus in China trigger a health concern for India?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus causing flu-like symptoms, has garnered attention after a surge in cases in China.

Identified in 2001, HMPV is known to cause mild to severe respiratory infections, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

Symptoms include fever, cough, nasal congestion, and in severe cases, complications like bronchitis or pneumonia.

Social media videos depicting overcrowded hospitals in China have amplified concerns globally, reminiscent of the early COVID-19 outbreak.

However, the Chinese government has assured citizens and tourists that the situation is under control. Mao Ning, a spokesperson for China’s foreign ministry, attributed the surge to the winter season, stating, “Respiratory infections tend to peak during the winter season. I can assure you that the Chinese government cares about the health of Chinese citizens and foreigners coming to China. It is safe to travel in China.”

While comparisons between HMPV and SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, are inevitable, the two belong to different viral families. They share similarities in transmission, symptoms, and vulnerable groups but differ in the availability of vaccines and treatments.

Unlike COVID-19, which has vaccines and antiviral treatments like Paxlovid, there is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral medication for HMPV.

Dr. Atul Goel, an official from India’s Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), clarified, “Metapneumovirus is like any other respiratory virus which causes the common cold, and in the very old and the very young, it could cause flu-like symptoms.”

He highlighted the need for general precautions such as avoiding crowded places when unwell and practicing good hygiene.

India, which faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, is monitoring the situation closely. The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and DGHS have confirmed no significant increase in respiratory outbreaks in the country.

Goel reassured, “We have analysed data on respiratory outbreaks within the country. There is no substantial increase in December 2024 data and no cases reported in large numbers from any of our institutions.”

Hospitals in India are equipped with supplies and beds to handle seasonal respiratory infections. Goel added, “One thing I would like to convey to the public is to take general precautions that we use against all respiratory infections.”

Experts state the importance of preventative measures in curbing the spread of HMPV:

While HMPV is not currently a threat in India, vigilance and adherence to basic hygiene practices remain crucial. For now, the global health community continues to monitor the situation, and there is no need for panic.

By focusing on public awareness and preparedness, India is better equipped to prevent any potential outbreak, ensuring the safety of its citizens.